The Ocean, Nuclear and Solar Power are forms of alternative energy which can be developed.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a potential alternative energy source that needs to be funded and explored much more than it presently is.

There are three kinds; closed, open and hybrid cycle of OTEC.

“Closed Cycle” uses a low-boiling point liquid such as, for example, propane to act as an intermediate fluid. The OTEC plant pumps the warm sea water into the reaction chamber and boils the intermediate fluid. This results in the intermediate fluid’s vapor pushing the turbine of the engine, which thus generates electricity. The vapor is then cooled down by putting in cold sea water.

“Open Cycle”. The sea water itself is the driver of the turbine engine in this OTEC format. Warm sea water found on the surface of the ocean is turned into a low-pressure vapor under the constraint of a vacuum. The low-pressure vapor is released in a focused area and it has the power to drive the turbine. To cool down the vapor and create desalinated water for human consumption, the deeper ocean’s cold waters are added to the vapor after it has generated sufficient electricity.

“Hybrid Cycle” There are actually two sub-theories to the theory of Hybrid Cycling. The first involves using a closed cycling to generate electricity. This electricity is in turn used to create the vacuum environment needed for open cycling. The second component is the integration of two open cyclings such that twice the amount of desalinated, potable water is created that with just one open cycle.

Developing Nuclear Power as Alternative Energy

Nuclear power plants are very “clean-burning” and their efficiency is rather staggering. Nuclear power is generated at 80% efficiency, meaning that the energy produced by the fission reactions is almost equal to the energy put into producing the fission reactions in the first place. There is not a lot of waste material generated by nuclear fission—although, due to the fact that there is no such thing as creating energy without also creating some measure of waste, there is some. The concerns of people such as environmentalists with regards to using nuclear power as an alternative energy source center around this waste, which is radioactive gases which have to be contained.

Solar Energy Collecting as an Alternative Energy Source

Solar powered electricity generation is certainly good for the environment, as this alternative form of producing energy gives off absolutely zero emissions into the atmosphere and is merely utilizing one of the most naturally occurring of all things as its driver. Solar collection cells are becoming slowly but surely ever more practical for placing upon the rooftops of people’s homes, and they are not a difficult system to use for heating one’s home, creating hot water, or producing electricity. In the case of using the photovoltaic cells for hot water generation, the system works by having the water encased in the cells, where it is heated and then sent through your pipes.

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Dubai: Thirty small-scale solar-powered desalination plants will be operational in the next 15 months to provide animals with watering holes in Abu Dhabi’s desert environment.

Two of the plants are already in use desalting brackish water from underground aquifers into fresh potable water, said a water resources expert from the Environment Agency — Abu Dhabi (EAD).

However the cost of using solar power for bigger desalination plants that produce millions of litres of fresh water for mass human consumption is still too high, said Dr Mohammad Dawoud, Manager of Water Resources Department at EAD.

Currently the cost of one desert desalination plant is Dh3 million.

Each plant will be of identical size with the same desalination capacity of five cubic metres of water per hour. The plants will be operated remotely and solar power will be harnessed by solar panels spanning 300 square metres at each site — enough to create 45 kilowatts of electricity per hour.

“The purpose of the plants is to establish a water source for the thousands of animals in the middle of the desert where there is no power. There will be no impact on the environment and the operating cost for the next 15 years is lower than transporting oil to use to create energy,” said Dawoud.

The plants will be working six to eight hours everyday. Brine, or waste water, will be pumped to an evaporation lake measuring between 30 to 40 metres in diameter and fenced off to keep animals at bay. It will also be sealed underground to avoid any leaks into to the ground water.

“Very little salt will actually be produced. Around three cubic metres of water will be discharged per hour into the evaporation lake. From time to time it will have to be maintained and the salt removed and disposed of in a landfill,” said Dawoud.

A subsurface irrigation system will pump some of the freshwater water back underground in order to create irrigated land to grow fodder for the animals.

According to the International Desalination Association, the daily production of desalinated water in the UAE is 8.4 million cubic metres. It was announced last year that future desalination production investments by Abu Dhabi and Dubai were pegged at up to $40 billion (Dh146.8 billion) to meet increasing water demand.

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